Sunday, January 15, 2012

Business circles comment: Loss is big Intel

  The antitrust of a huge sum of 1.06 billion euro punishs sheet, the both neither that be benefited is consumer, also be not adversary AMD, what come true finally is go to Europe from whole world consumer the cash of bureaucratic orgnaization flows.



Civil / Liu Yong, this print is stationed in American reporter



On May 13, 2009, european Union committee opens the antitrust of a huge sum that gave 1.06 billion euro to punish sheet for the Intel company. It is European Union committee likewise, left for Microsoft last year those who go out is record-breaking punish sheet to also have 899 million euro only nevertheless. Be Intel harmed more consumer interests than Microsoft so?



On October 25, 2001, microsoft rolled out epoch-making Windows XP operating system. The consumer at that time, buy to have the software of Windows XP professional edition of all function, need to pay 300 dollars only. After 8 years today, consumer buys a likewise top class Windows Vista operating system, need to cost 400 dollars. When XP is released, have 35 million code only. Now the Vista of the day, have more than 50 million code. Unfortunate is, vista user discovers very quickly, their floriferous 100 dollars, outside 15 million code that gives besides Mailainaduo, still have slow traversal speed, undesirable compatibility and bad user experience.



Was 2001 likewise, intel company traversal speed is the fastest gallop chip of IV 1.7 GHz, price is 352 dollars. And go up in today's market, chip of Core 2 Duo E8500 3.16 GHz of an Intel mainstream, price has 268 dollars only. If you like to clean out secondhand goods, still can buy on the net now gallop vintagely chip of IV 1.7 GHz, and need to spend 8 dollars only. According to rub Er is mensurable, today the admiral CPU product of Intel, function comparing raised 20 times in those days, and the price falls however a lot of.



Pass this simple contrast, from the point of the point of view that creates user value, we can see 8 years Intel works so that want than Microsoft recently beautif most popular selling dog stairs ul much, but punish againer however, so the European Union investigates Intel forestall in one case, have grievance after all?



   modern dining chairsThe evidence of the European Union



Came in October 2002 between December 2007, the Intel company is holding market of global X86 CPU to exceed the share of 70% . However the European Union thinks, intel sale outstanding achievement of these 5 years is to rely on unfair competition method to obtain. "Come several years the behavior that the Intel company elbows out competitor of computer chip industry intentionally, the interest that harmed millions Europe consumer " , lowes of benefit • gram is in Buddhist nun of official of European Union commission say so in a statement, "So long-term and serious the act that violates provision of European Union antitrust, dvd discovery best buy it is us cannot tolerate " .



Be as long as in what European Union committee costs several years of time to be arranged in the investigation conclusion of 542 pages, of Intel turn over competitive behavior to basically have two evidence. The first, intel gave partial PC manufacturer a few discounts, the condition is the 80% above that the Intel processor amount that they buy wants to exceed its X86 CPU to purchase gross, it is even sometimes 100% . The 2nd, intel provides market fund to manufacturer of a few PC, ask they are deferred at the same time or suspend put on sale using the computer product of its competitor X86 CPU.



The PC firm that involves in Intel case, include Dai Er, HP, grand Qi , associate and NEC these 5. And its only competitor, it is AMD. To the punishment of the European Union, intel made brief response, "We are certain this decision is wrong, it ignored microprocessor market to be in high competition condition this one objective fact. The product function of persistent innovation, ceaseless improvement and more low price, all these does not have any disadvantage to consumer " .



Buy an a few discounts to what a large number of purchasing, it is the market strategy that all suppliers can use the whole world originally. Intel fault is in with respect to the fault purchase the discount with PC manufacturer per cent hanged a hook, the market that becomes it especially is had rate when exceeding 7 to become. If in those days Intel the of 80% scale in the condition, convert becomes a specific figure, perhaps won't have these were bothered later.



And Intel undertakes dog crates large strong hitting directly to AMD from PC firm point of view, listen go up the method does not calculate aboveboard, its purpose however also give no cause for more criticism. "A natural result that this is the competitive market that is kept in two main suppliers only " , the Intel company is presiding Aotelini says apparitor Paul • , "Win order when namely, another loses this order necessarily " . Really, today's CPU market performs, it is Intel and AMD originally the sheet of two life-and-death carries game.



Pure the evidence that provides from the European Union looks, intel is suspected of turning over competitive fact, had been final it seems that. But intuition tells us again however, so old come, the price of PC hardware product is in all the time drop, function is improved ceaselessly however. Today, buy to get online deftly this, cannot spend 300 dollars. Can be 8 years ago, this price is afraid can buy only intermediate CPU. So the interest of consumer, be after all how by Intel " long-term forestall behavior " was damaged?



  Does forestall let consumer is damaged or gain profit?



World each country, include our country to just was carried out last year " antitrust law " , all involve a collective basic principle, that does not object be being mixed greatly namely strong, object however with big bully small, swashbuckling. In fact, an any antitrust laws, the no more than that wants a canal 3 things: Market of operator concentration, abuse controls a position, and reach forestall sex agreement.



If Intel wants to buy AMD today, or it is Microsoft binds sale office software on Windows operating system, these behavior belong to operator concentration and the category that abuse the market to control a position apparently, all be in antitrust law administer limits. And Intel and PC manufacturer reach exclusiveness to offer goods agreement, restrict its to be opposite of AMD product purchase with the sale, violated antitrust law likewise the clause about part of forestall sex agreement.



However, the exclusiveness of Intel offers goods agreement, while the manufacturer that it is PC offers discount and market fare, go up objectively helped these manufacturers reduce purchase and operation cost, also let consumer buy more inexpensive computer. Decide in the European Union 5 years when Intel has unfair competition in 3 0 months, the user drops in the consumptive proportion year after year on computer hardware, acquisition property promotes ceaselessly however. Look from this angle, mention in European Union statement " the interest that harmed millions Europe consumer " this word, it seems that wrong.



The partial answer of this problem, conceal in an easy uncared-for fact. Today, CPU firm is very big one part cost, it is ongoing hair and product line invest this actually. The shipment of product of a CPU is measured, decided the cost of each CPU directly, also decided its value at the same time. And competitor of CPU manufacturer blow's most efficient way, nothing is more... than limits the market share of the other side directly, the cost room that allows its apportion to go up to every product does not fall high.



Intel is deep know well apparently this ace. Want it to be the cost that place of share of extruding adversary market pays only, under oneself shipment the quantity increases brings dimensions benefit, then this became the business that brushstroke can do all the time.



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Next a problem is, intel carries restricted agreement, from the additional market share that seizes in AMD hand, also apportion the fixed costs such as the charge of research and development of oneself. Why cannot consumer gain profit from inside this kind of behavior?



Regard an industry as giant, intel is devoted to the research and development of CPU, as complete as AMD not be level of a volume. Be in for instance 2006, former research and development always invests more than 6 billion dollar, exceeded the business income of latter annual even. This that is to say, intel apportion arrives the fixed costs on every CPU, want tower above AMD many.



Econo the most popular selling dog stairs mics principle tells us, place of the fixed costs in a product holds proportion taller, the value that body of dimensions economic benefits comes out now is greater. Same the market share of 10% , differentiate Intel, still differentiate AMD, the user value that its produce is not same. The forehead of this one component that comes out more, if be taken away by Intel, CPU market is average the price is pulled low extent, will exceed its to fall into the case in AMD hand. Accordingly, if take no account of Intel after complete hold the market, pull costly case intentionally to grab sudden huge profits this one risk, so the integral interest of consumer will as Intel market share climb rise and increase ceaselessly.



Of course, this one analysis has a premise, that is the Intel investment to research and development, brought performance advantage for its CPU product really. So, whether does this condition hold water?



Two CPU product line compares Intel and AMD complex. Be in same inside technical cycle, a CPU manufacturer is cheap with the function between high-grade product and price difference, often be as high as multiple. And go up in the CPU product of identical class, intel function is a bit normally better, the price also slightly tall. Accordingly, in respect of market fixed position, intel emphasizes function and stability, and AMD is emphasized at sexual price to compare.



If see the face only, it seems that everything is very normal. Two manufacturers rely on function and price competition respectively, each have each value view. But, the CPU product of AMD, quality is valence comparing tall really?



"Exceed frequency " , it is any computer player's familiar concept. A CPU, normally the job is in manufacturer beforehand the frequency of set, and the computational performance that this frequency discretion affects CPU directly. Senior computer user, can install through changing computer interior, let the CPU of a 100 dollars, reach the traversal speed that is close to 200 dollars CPU, this is alleged " exceed frequency " . "Exceed frequency " can come true, it is the CPU that leaves factory for every because of manufacturer when mark frequency, put apart have more than needed. The room of manufacturer put apart is more, the probability that CPU gives trouble inside use fixed number of year is smaller. Because at present the design service life of CPU is 10 years normally, those plans are in future changes inside 34 years the consumer of computer, can exceed oneself CPU completely frequency to use. Such although fold caustic a few service life, also won't have too big effect to them.



Come for years reports of countless professional CPU evaluation make clear, the CPU product of AMD is in respect of ability exceeding frequency, should inferior all the time at Intel. Same a CPU of class, the circumstance that often appears is Intel can exceed frequency easily 50% , and AMD can exceed 20% only at most. A few consumer laugh accordingly say, buy AMD product disagreement to calculate, because manufacturer has helped an user beforehand,exceed frequency.



From " exceed frequency " this angle looks, the sexual price of AMD product is compared and did not exceed Intel, still have the suspicion of on the low side even. Just do not have the place that notice in average consumer, AMD cut a few cost stealthily. This is understandable of course be opposite for AMD " La Hai strategy " a kind additional kind of application, but also explained at the same time, the CPU product of Intel, in function, even face of sexual price example, holding the dominant position to AMD.



   Does amerce flow to He Fang?



Pass an analysis one time, we discover, 5 years that when involve in place of findings report of European Union commission at least 3 0 the middle of a month, intel appea dvd discovery 4 rs and did not bring loss of too much profit for broad European consumer. Contrary, because the intense competition between Intel and AMD and ceaseless technology innovate, the computer customer of the whole world from which benefit. Can say, although Intel made the fault of unfair competition, but name of place rough conditions has what be treated unjustly to disrelish really.



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Watch AMD instead, come for years in Intel below the influence of strategy of market of division of high-powered, high price, its gain profit very rich and generous also. We did not forget, current CPU market is controlled twice completely for Intel and AMD, cong Mou is planted for angle, AMD also is one of monopolist of current CPU market. Say further, AMD thanks Intel even even. If latter is resolved, through low strategy will former sweep the floor go out, be afraid already did not have AMD today this enterprise.



Notable is, the antitrust that the European Union undertakes to the Intel company is punished, follow AMD actually and do not have too much relation. Although AMD is in Germany to set much home shop, but the amerce of 1.06 billion euro that this Intel hands over, a minute of money won't fall into AMD bursa. About the whereaboutldirection that this money will come, european Union committee none dare not or would not speak up will close return oneself have, those who be used at paying commission run expenditure. Of course, perhaps did not come one day some, the European Union can take out one part money, compensate those " the interest is damaged " European consumer, but specific time and means, allude without anybody at present.



Will that this 1.06 billion euro give wherefrom? Intel is not beautiful couplet store, it did not imprint the right of money. Each minutes of money that this company makes, come from user of whole world computer, namely our pocket. Around is examined one time, our open-eyed discovery, the European Union investigates this one battle to Intel antitrust, what come true finally is go to Europe from whole world consumer the cash of bureaucratic orgnaization flows.



This perhaps explained partly, why commission of American federal trade to Intel by a definite date antitrust of two years is investigated, do not have conclusion tardy, instead is Japan, Korea, European Union is opposite early or late of Intel turned over competitive behavior to announce to punish. After all, the hand was gotten below the child that hits others home, return some extra gains to be able to earn. And similar case, also happen on Microsoft body.



  Antitrust law cannot turn dog stairs and ramps over forestall



In fact, the antitrust law of the whole world is put in a fairness and maneuverability hard the paradox of give attention to two or morethings. Microsoft is right the forestall publicity of desktop operating system, and of interest of the person that offset of this kind of behavior is expended damaging also is be obvious to all. However, according to existing antitrust law clause, the European Union can be in to Microsoft only in order to be less than the amerce of 900 million euro. Under photograph comparing, a huge sum that the Intel place that will several years devote oneself to a technology to innovate all the time receives punishs sheet, reflect fair sex of law hard really.



The blame is punished quite, it is a of law basic principle. And antitrust law, cannot assure to accomplish this however. With the strategy that be bound by the IE of Microsoft, Windows the Netscape photograph of smash is compared, AMD the place nowadays is close friends more. At least, it and Intel are the United States appears on the market company, belong to the adversary of same amount level basically. With in those days of Microsoft with big bully Xiaoxiang the best selling dvd discoveryis compared, intel is shocking the degree of badness of competitive behavior, not to be named on the same day with.



Gain is the biggest change, it is to appear on the market company forever cannot one of evasive company goals. Forestall, it is implementation gain is the biggest the culminating method that change, also be the temptation that the industry casts off very hard. Bad is, the market action of a company, it is the purpose that stems from competition after all, still oppose competitive objective, limit very hard sometimes. If in those days in the agreement that Intel and PC manufacturer sign, those who allude is 8 million CPU, and rather than of 80% purchase an amount, turn over competitive behavior to have the difficulty that obtain evidence to Intel, be afraid be about to grow into geometrical class.



And to AMD people for, the help that antitrust lawsuit brings is really limited. Last a period of time of European Union committee effort of several years, the profit that brings for AMD finally is good, was to cut down Intel nevertheless 2 into charge of research and development just. If AMD still resembles before in that way after Gan Ren, it is the Europ dvd discovery channel ean Union punishs Intel again 1 billion euro, be afraid also of no help. And send a hope to act at passing antitrust, allow big company people shrink back from difficulties, criterion Yu Chi of as good as's person says a dream. The monopoly position that Microsoft comes to more than 10 years does not fall, it is clear proof.



When a company, had expanded to do not have any competitive menace, but move casually, when can controlling a certain number of small companies dead, exclusive and significant antitrust step, perhaps be it forcibly fractionation. And go up personally from today's American government and European Union committee, we had not seen this kind of courage it seems that.



The judiciary antitrust official that Aobama nominates recently overcomes made of baked clay Buddhist nun of Li silk lowing • , assume office beginning expresses new a government will be more strong on antitrust problem. Media was forecasted extensively a few days ago, google becomes the United States probably new establish the most popular selling dvd discovery ed judiciary target of the first antitrust. American government whether finish again 1984 AT&T company big strip 8 feat, wait and see what happens making a person. Nevertheless, techCrunch of guest of rich of famous science and technology is analysed calmly to this, "Breaking respect of forestall of industry of science and technology, the market often gets better " than judiciary expression.



Antitrust becomes an interesting topic, depend on greatly sometimes its result, violate each other with our intuition. Bring operation rate to us when Intel hurry up in the center of the 4 nucleuses of 20 times when processor, microsoft displays a how terrible at once to come extremely operating system, the user value that lets hardware function elevator belt come disappears danger; When Intel still is thinking method to strangle its only competitor, microsoft need not risk similar venture again already, because it has done not have same amount,the adversary of class can be strangled.



We discover, today's antitrust law is a law about the movement, is not a law about condition. Because it says, forestall does not break the law, use monopoly position to hit a competitor to just break the law. In this logic falls, intel should compare Microsoft really more the favour that gets antitrust public figure, because it returns existence " guilty motive " .



Understood when us why Intel can be received bigger after punishing sheet, also need to see clearly, to partner, comparative even for one part user, microsoft and Intel are good company. They, at least once, believe sincerely, oneself product can bring the greatest value to consumer, because this is all,consumer should become their user. Should compare Er • Gates to appear in court personally 2002, in 9 cities when defending for Windows product before the forestall accusation of attorney general, there are these faiths clearly on his face.

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